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Empowerment Gap
The Empowerment Gap is estimated from the following indicators:
- % of women in technical positions
- % of women in management and government positions
- % of women in parliaments
- % of women in ministerial posts
A large majority of countries rank very low in the empowerment dimension of the GEI. The gap between women and men is highest among professional, managerial, parliamentary and ministerial positions.
This dimension shows the largest gap. However, it is also the only one where a huge majority of countries show progress. Most of the advances registered in the total index happen in countries that have progressed in empowerment. |
Women members of parliaments globally average only 17 per cent of all seats, far below the goal of 30+ women's representation in national legislatures adopted in Beijing in 1995. Only 19 countries have achieved this figure, considered to be the threshold for women having an on the workings of a parliament. Out of these 19, only 5 (Finland, Denmark, Cuba, New Zealand and Belarus) have made it without legal quotas. Nowadays, there are 97 countries with constitutional, electoral or political party quotas and the average level of representation for women in these countries is 19 per cent.
Sources: Global Database of Quotas for Women, IPU database, Wedo. |
Empowerment gap
| Sweden |
83.2 |
|
| Finland |
76.1 |
|
| Rwanda |
75.4 |
|
| Spain |
73.9 |
|
| Germany |
72.7 |
|
| Norway |
70.9 |
|
| Philippines |
65.5 |
|
| Netherlands |
62.3 |
|
| Denmark |
60.4 |
|
| South Africa |
59.7 |
|
| Uruguay |
59.7 |
|
| Bahamas |
58.9 |
|
| Austria |
58.8 |
|
| New Zealand |
58.4 |
|
| Russian Federation |
58.3 |
|
| Barbados |
58.1 |
|
| Cuba |
56.8 |
|
| Lithuania |
56.7 |
|
| Latvia |
56.6 |
|
| Colombia |
56.5 |
|
| Slovakia |
56.3 |
|
| Belgium |
55.9 |
|
| Ukraine |
55.7 |
|
| Trinidad and Tobago |
55.4 |
|
| Iceland |
55.2 |
|
| Honduras |
54.2 |
|
| Australia |
54.1 |
|
| St Lucia |
53.7 |
|
| Mongolia |
53.3 |
|
| Canada |
53.1 |
|
| Panama |
53.0 |
|
| Bulgaria |
52.8 |
|
| Argentina |
52.8 |
|
| Croatia |
52.3 |
|
| United States of America |
52.1 |
|
| Hong Kong |
51.8 |
|
| El Salvador |
51.4 |
|
| Tanzania |
51.3 |
|
| Estonia |
51.2 |
|
| United Kingdom |
51.2 |
|
| Moldova |
51.1 |
|
| Namibia |
50.8 |
|
| Kazakhstan |
50.4 |
|
| Macedonia |
50.1 |
|
| Portugal |
49.7 |
|
| Botswana |
49.5 |
|
| Kyrgyzstan |
49.2 |
|
| Costa Rica |
49.0 |
|
| Ecuador |
49.0 |
|
| Singapore |
48.7 |
|
| France |
47.9 |
|
| Peru |
47.8 |
|
| Dominican Republic |
47.1 |
|
| Ireland |
46.9 |
|
| Paraguay |
46.4 |
|
| Belize |
45.8 |
|
| Poland |
45.3 |
|
| Hungary |
44.7 |
|
| Viet Nam |
44.0 |
|
| Venezuela |
43.9 |
|
| Georgia |
43.5 |
|
| Brazil |
43.5 |
|
| Czech Republic |
43.4 |
|
| Israel |
42.9 |
|
| Chile |
42.8 |
|
| Slovenia |
42.5 |
|
| Romania |
41.9 |
|
| Brunei Darussalam |
41.2 |
|
| Italy |
40.6 |
|
| Thailand |
39.7 |
|
| Greece |
39.0 |
|
| Cyprus |
38.7 |
|
| Mexico |
38.2 |
|
| China |
38.2 |
|
| Guinea-Bissau |
38.1 |
|
| Bolivia |
37.6 |
|
| Uganda |
36.5 |
|
| Guyana |
34.7 |
|
| Lesotho |
34.6 |
|
| Mauritius |
34.5 |
|
| Mozambique |
34.2 |
|
| Timor-Leste |
33.4 |
|
| West Bank and Gaza |
33.1 |
|
| Sri Lanka |
32.1 |
|
| Japan |
30.2 |
|
| Malaysia |
29.1 |
|
| Syria |
29.0 |
|
| Malta |
28.7 |
|
| Burundi |
27.9 |
|
| Maldives |
27.8 |
|
| Senegal |
27.1 |
|
| Belarus |
26.1 |
|
| Saudi Arabia |
25.7 |
|
| Ethiopia |
25.5 |
|
| Zambia |
25.2 |
|
| Eritrea |
24.8 |
|
| Switzerland |
23.9 |
|
| Suriname |
23.8 |
|
| St Vincent and Grenadines |
23.6 |
|
| Luxembourg |
23.5 |
|
| Korea, Rep. |
23.5 |
|
| Guatemala |
23.5 |
|
| Oman |
23.4 |
|
| Algeria |
22.4 |
|
| Niger |
22.1 |
|
| Morocco |
21.4 |
|
| Guinea |
21.1 |
|
| Cambodia |
21.0 |
|
| Cape Verde |
20.6 |
|
| Iran |
20.5 |
|
| Nicaragua |
19.7 |
|
| United Arab Emirates |
19.2 |
|
| Zimbabwe |
18.6 |
|
| Tunisia |
18.6 |
|
| Jamaica |
18.3 |
|
| Burkina Faso |
17.7 |
|
| Gambia |
17.7 |
|
| Bangladesh |
17.6 |
|
| Pakistan |
17.5 |
|
| Turkey |
17.3 |
|
| Mali |
17.0 |
|
| Togo |
16.5 |
|
| Benin |
16.3 |
|
| Malawi |
16.2 |
|
| Qatar |
16.2 |
|
| Mauritania |
15.9 |
|
| Nepal |
15.3 |
|
| Egypt |
15.3 |
|
| Azerbaijan |
15.2 |
|
| Côte d'Ivoire |
15.0 |
|
| Sierra Leone |
14.9 |
|
| Cameroon |
14.5 |
|
| Gabon |
13.8 |
|
| Swaziland |
13.7 |
|
| Equatorial Guinea |
13.3 |
|
| Ghana |
12.8 |
|
| Congo, Rep. |
12.6 |
|
| Uzbekistan |
12.5 |
|
| Indonesia |
12.4 |
|
| Sudan |
12.4 |
|
| Tajikistan |
12.2 |
|
| Angola |
11.8 |
|
| Central African Republic |
11.4 |
|
| Chad |
10.0 |
|
| Kenya |
9.7 |
|
| Nigeria |
9.3 |
|
| Sao Tome and Principe |
9.3 |
|
| Jordan |
8.9 |
|
| Djibouti |
8.9 |
|
| Madagascar |
7.5 |
|
| Samoa |
7.4 |
|
| Albania |
6.6 |
|
| Vanuatu |
6.5 |
|
| India |
6.3 |
|
| Yemen |
6.3 |
|
| Lebanon |
6.2 |
|
| Bahrain |
6.0 |
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