Country by country: Extended data of Somalia

Information, science and technology : "Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers." Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 19, 1948. "We recognize that education, knowledge, information and communication are at the core of human progress, endeavour and well-being… The rapid progress of these technologies opens completely new opportunities to attain higher levels of development." World Summit on the Information Society, 2003. Source: World Development Indicators 2008, World Bank (www.worldbank.org). Internet users per 1,000 people People with access to the internet, per 1,000 people. Last available data: 2001-2004; evolution since 1990. 10.94 Personal computers per 1,000 people Personal computers are self-contained computers designed to be used by a single individual, per 1,000 people. Last available data: 2001-2005; evolution since 1990. 6.28 Telephone mainlines per 1,000 people Telephone lines connecting a customer’s equipment to the public switched telephone network. Data are presented per 1,000 people for the entire country. Last available data: 2001-2005; evolution since 1990. 12.15

Public expenditure : "Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality." Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 22, 1948. "We call on the industrialized countries… to implement the enhanced programme of debt relief for the heavily indebted poor countries without further delay and to agree to cancel all official bilateral debts of those countries in return for their making demonstrable commitments to poverty reduction." Millennium Declaration, Paragraph 15, 2000. Source: World Development Indicators 2007 website (www.worldbank.org). Public health expenditure % of GDP (%) Recurrent and capital spending from government (central and local) budgets, external borrowings and grants (including donations from international agencies and non-governmental organizations), and social (or compulsory) health insurance funds. Expressed as percentage of gross domestic product (GDP). Last available data: 2001/2005; evolution since 2000. 1.16

Environment : "(We) recognize the right of everyone to an adequate standard of living for him(her)self and his(her) family, including adequate food, clothing and housing…" International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Article 11, 1966. "We resolve… to halve, by the year 2015, the proportion of the world’s people… who are unable to reach or to afford safe drinking water… By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers as proposed in the ‘Cities Without Slums’ initiative." Millennium Declaration, Paragraph 19, 2000. Source: Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply & Sanitation, UNICEF and WHO (www.wssinfo.org). Population with access to sanitation (%) Percentage of the population with at least adequate excreta disposal facilities (private or shared, but not public) that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerage connection. To be effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and properly maintained. Last available data: 2004; evolution since 1990. 26 Population with access to improved water sources (%) Percentage of the population who use any of the following types of water supply for drinking: piped water, public tap, borehole or pump, protected well, protected spring or rainwater. Improved water sources do not include vendor provided waters, bottled water, tanker trucks or unprotected wells and springs. Last available data: 2004/2006; evolution since 1990. 29*

Health : "(We) recognize the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health… The provision for the reduction of the stillbirth-rate and of infant mortality and for the healthy development of the child… The prevention, treatment and control of epidemic, endemic, occupational and other diseases…" International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Article 12, 1966. "…take specific measures for closing the gender gaps in morbidity and mortality where girls are disadvantaged, while achieving internationally approved goals for the reduction of infant and child mortality." World Conference on Women - Beijing Platform for Action, Paragraph 106, 1995. Source: Malaria: World Malaria Report 2005, UNICEF and WHO (www.rbm.who.int/wmr2005/). Tuberculosis: Communicable Disease Global Atlas Database, WHO (www.who.int/GlobalAtlas). People living with HIV/AIDS: 2007 Report on the global AIDS epidemic, UNAIDS. Infant mortality: The State of the World’s Children 2007, UNICEF (www.unicef.org/sowc07). Under-5 mortality: The State of the World’s Children 2007, UNICEF (www.unicef.org/sowc07). Malaria cases per 1,000 people Total number of malaria cases reported to the World Health Organization by countries in which malaria is endemic, per 1,000 people. Many countries report only laboratory-confirmed cases, but many in Sub-Saharan Africa report clinically diagnosed cases as well. Last available data: 2003; evolution since 1990. 2.4 Tuberculosis cases per 100,000 people Total number of tuberculosis cases reported to the World Health Organization per 100,000 people. A tuberculosis case is defined as a patient in whom tuberculosis has been bacteriologically confirmed or diagnosed by a clinician. Last available data: 2005; evolution since 1990. 293 People living with HIV/AIDS 15-49 years old (%) Percentage of adults (15-49 years) living with HIV/AIDS. Last available data: 2005; evolution since 2001. 0.9 Infant mortality per 1,000 live births Number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year. Last available data: 2006; evolution since 1990. 90 Under-5 mortality per 1,000 live births Probability of dying between birth and exactly five years of age expressed per 1,000 live births. Last available data: 2006; evolution since 1990. 145

Women’s reproductive health : "…States Parties shall ensure to women appropriate services in connection with pregnancy, confinement and the post-natal period, granting free services where necessary, as well as adequate nutrition during pregnancy and lactation." Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, Article 12, 1979. "Provide more accessible, available and affordable primary health- care services of high quality, including sexual and reproductive health care, which includes family planning information and services, and giving particular attention to maternal and emergency obstetric care…" Conference on Women - Beijing Platform for Action, Paragraph 106, 1995. Source: Women aged 15-49 attended at least once during pregnancy: Global Health Atlas, WHO (www.who.int/GlobalAtlas). Except for (†) Demographic and Health Surveys - STAT compiler (www.measuredhs.com/accesssurveys). Births attended by skilled health personnel: Reproductive Health Indicators Database, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, WHO (www.who.int/reproductivehealth/). Except for (†) Demographic and Health Surveys - STAT compiler (www.measuredhs.com/accesssurveys). Maternal mortality ratio: Reproductive Health Indicators Database, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, WHO (www.who.int/reproductivehealth/). Contraceptive use among currently in union women aged 15-49: World Development Indicators 2008 website, World Bank (www.worldbank.org). Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Percentage of births attended by skilled health personnel (doctors, nurses or midwives). Last available data: 2001/2006; evolution since 1990 or closest possible year. 33 Estimated maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live births Annual number of deaths of women from pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births. Due to changes in the model of estimation, 1995 and 2005 data are not comparable. Last available data: 2005. 1400 Contraceptive use among currently in-union women aged 15-49 (%) Percentage of women in union aged 15-49 years currently using contraception. Last available data: 2001/2006; evolution since 1991. 14.6

Women’s empowerment : "Discrimination against women, denying or limiting as it does their equality of rights with men, is fundamentally unjust and constitutes an offence against human dignity." Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Article 1, 1967. "We are convinced that… women's empowerment and their full participation on the basis of equality in all spheres of society, including participation in the decision-making process and access to power, are fundamental for the achievement of equality, development and peace." Conference on Women - Beijing Platform for Action, Paragraph 13, 1995. Source: Female professional and technical workers: Human Development Report 2007/2008, UNDP. Female legislators, senior officials and managers: Human Development Report 2007, UNDP. Women in decision-making positions in government at ministerial level: Human Development Report 1997, UNDP and Human Development Report 2007/2008, UNDP. Seats in parliament held by women: IPU Database, 2008. (www.ipu.org) Seats in parliament held by women % of seats Seats held by women in a lower or single house, where relevant, as percentage of total seats. Last available data: 2008; evolution since 1997. 8.2

(*) Data refers to years or periods other than those specified in the indicator's definition.
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